1944 · CLOSE READING
The Book of Thoth
The Book of Thoth (1944), PDF p. 83
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The nature of these qualities requires careful description. In the Hindu system are
three Gunas‐Sattvas, Rajas and Tamas. The word “Guna” is untranslatable. It is not quite an
element, a quality, a form of energy, a phase, or a potential; all of these ideas enter into it. All
the qualities that can be predicated of anything may be ascribed to one or more of these
Gunas: Tamas is darkness, inertia, sloth, ignorance, death and the like; Rajas is energy, excite‐
ment, fire, brilliance, restlessness; Sattvas is calm, intelligence, hicidity and balance. They cor‐
respond to the three principal Hindu castes.
One of the most important aphorisms of Hindu philosophy is: “the Gunas revolve”. This
means that, according to the doctrine of continual change, nothing can remain in any phase
where one of these Gunas is predominant; however dense and dull that thing may be, a time
will come when it begins to stir. The end and reward of the effort is a state of lucid quietude,
which, however, tends ultimately to sink into the original inertia.
The Gunas are represented in European philosophy by the three qualities, sulphur,
mercury and salt, already pictured in Atu I, III and IV. But in this card the attribution is some‐
what different. The Sphinx is composed of the four Kerubs, shown in Atu V, the bull, the lion,
the eagle and the man. These correspond, furthermore, to the four magical virtues, to Know,
to Will, to Dare, and to Keep Silence.1 This Sphinx represents the element of sulphur, and is
exalted, temporarily, upon the summit of the wheel. She is armed with a sword of the short
Roman pattern, held upright between the paws of the lion.
Climbing up the left‐hand side of the wheel is Hermanubis, who represents the al‐
chemical Mercury. He is a composite god; but in him the simian element predominates.
On the right hand side, precipitating himself downward, is Typhon, who represents the
element of salt. Yet in these figures there is also a certain degree of complexity, for Typhon
was a monster of the primitive world, personifying the destructive power and fury of volcanos
and typhoons. In the legend, he attempted to obtain supreme authority over both gods and
men; but Zeus blasted him with a thunderbolt. He is said to be the father of stormy, hot and
poisonous winds; also of the Harpies. But this card, like Atu XVI, may also be interpreted as a
Unity of supreme attainment and delight. The lightnings which destroy, also beget; and the
wheel may be regarded as the Eye of Shiva, whose opening annihilates the Universe, or as a
wheel upon the Car of Jaganath, whose devotees attain perfection at the moment that it
crushes them.
A description of this card, as it appears in The Vision and the Voice, with certain inner
meanings, is given in an Appendix.
1These are the four elements, summed in a fifth, Spirit, to form the Pentagram; and the Magical Virtue corre‐
sponding is Ire, to go. “To go” is the token of Godhead, as explained in reference to the sandal‐strap or Ankh, the
Crux Ansata, which in its turn is identical with the astrological symbol of Venus, comprising the 10 Sephiroth.
(See diagram.)
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