1944 · CLOSE READING
The Book of Thoth
The Book of Thoth (1944), PDF p. 32
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A short digression. One of the most important doctrines of the Ancients was that of the
Macrocosm and the Microcosm. Man is himself a little Universe; he is a minute copy of the big
Universe. This argument was, of course, worked backwards; so the characteristics above given
of the qualities of the Three Decans in the sign were probably due to an analogy with the
course of a man’s life.
4. The above remarks constitute a fairly complete idea of the arbitrary, or mostly arbi‐
trary, presentation of the Cosmos by the Ancients. First of all, the division into Four Elements.
These Elements pervade everything. They would argue something like this about the Sun.
They would say that he was principally Fire, for obvious reasons; but he would have also in
him the Airy quality of Mobility. The Watery part would be shown by his power to create Im‐
ages; and the Earthy part, his immense Stability.
Similarly, of a Serpent, they would call his power of Death fiery; his Swiftness, airy; his
undulatory motion, Watery; and his habit of life, Earthy.
These descriptions are obviously quite inadequate; they have to be filled up by attrib‐
uting planetary qualities and zodiacal qualities to all objects. Thus, the Bull in the Zodiac is an
Earthy sign, and this is the central sign of the three through which the Sun passes during
Spring. But the bovine nature is also gentle; wherefore they said that Venus rules the Sign of
Taurus. The Cow, moreover, is the principal milk‐giving animal, so they made her the Great
Mother‐Goddess, thus identifying her with the Moon, the Mother of Heaven as the Sun is the
Father. They represented this idea by saying that the Moon is “exalted” in Taurus—that is, that
she exerts the most beneficent aspect of her influence when she is in that sign.
5. It is confusing at first, but most instructive and illuminating when the principle is
thoroughly assimilated, to note how all these Elements subdivide and coalesce. One can only
reach the comprehension of any one of these Symbols by making a composite picture of it, one
composed of all the others in varying proportion. Thus each of the planets gives a certain por‐
tion of its influence to any object. This habit of thought leads to an understanding of the Unity
of Nature (with its proper and spiritual exaltation) which could hardly be attained in any
other way; it produces an internal harmony which ends in an acceptance of Life and of Nature.
It is now almost time to analyse and define the traditional characteristics of these
symbols; but perhaps it would be better, first of all, to build on a sure foundation by consid‐
eration of the number Two, which hitherto has not been taken into account.
There are only two operations possible in the Universe, Analysis and Synthesis. To di‐
vide, and to unite. Solve et coagula: said the Alchemists.
If anything is to be changed, either one must divide one object into two parts, or add
another unit to it. This principle lies at the basis of all scientific thought and work.
The first thought of the man of science is Classification, Measurement. He says, “This
oak‐leaf is like that oak‐leaf; this oak‐leaf is unlike this beech‐leaf”. Until one has grasped this
fact, one has not begun to understand Scientific Method.
The Ancients were fully cognisant of this idea; The Chinese, in particular, based their
whole philosophy on this primary division of the original Nothing. One must begin with Noth‐
ing; otherwise the question would arise, Whence came this postulated Something? So they
wrote the equation—Zero equals plus one plus minus one 0=(+1)+(‐1).
“Plus One” they called the Yang, or Male Principle; “Minus One”, the Yin or Female Prin‐
ciple. These then combine in varying proportion, giving the idea of Heaven and Earth in per‐
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