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The other type is the superstitious to which belong the fetish- worshipping varieties of Buddhist and 
Hindu and pagan (Equatorial Africa and Polynesia) with their paraphernalia of miracles, sacrifices, 
priestcraft, penance, vicarious atonements and the like. It is up to the missionary to show that the 
Christian form of such things is superior to the local variety and the difficulty is usually insuperable. 
The native can produce much bigger and more improbable miracles, a much more terrifying 
demonology, a far more fascinating pantheon, with a more alluring (and, so to say, actual) ritual 
than even the papist. The native perhaps seems little reason why he should not accept Christianity, 
but certainly none at all why he should discard his own beliefs which seem to him more vivid and 
more veracious, better adapted and better attested than the new. It is in fact only among the very 
lowest class of superstitious savages that Christianity makes any headway. Where Christian and 
Moslem missions are in direct rivalry, Islam collects the higher and Christianity the lower sections of 
the society. 
Disappointed about learning Chinese ideas at first hand in this remote region, I hoped at least to get 
available information about the effects of opium smoking. Dr. Clark informed me that these effects 
were appalling --- the usual scaremonger story. He said it was the curse of the country and that his 
clinic was full of victims; "Hundreds and hundreds and hundreds," he groaned, "physical and moral 
wrecks from the habit." "I should like to see one," I replied with the appropriate sigh and shudder. 
"Well, you have only to come down to my clinic any morning," re returned: "there are hundreds and 
hundreds and hundreds." He groaned again. Well, I went down to his clinic and he went on groaning 
that there were hundreds and hundreds and hundreds, and I went on sighing that I should like to see 
one. 
During my whole journey, I never saw a man whom I could call definitely the worse for opium. My 
wife's chair coolies were cases in point. They had smoked from twelve years old or thereabouts; and 
when I say smoked, I mean smoked. Every night on reaching the inn, temple or camp, as the case 
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may be, they cooked their rice and started to smoke directly they had eaten it, continuing till they 
went to sleep. In the morning again they smoked before starting. The chair (with Rose and the 
baby, and the books which I like to have handy to read at odd moments without unpacking my 
valise) weighed over one hundred and sixty pounds. 
Each man had therefore to carry forty pounds. Not much, but a load of this kind is very different to 
dead weight. Each man had to keep in step with the rest and shake the chair as little as possible; 
and this over rough hilly toads, often slippery with mud; perhaps against a head wind, in which case 
the furniture of the chair offered a large surface. One of these coolies, the heaviest the most 
inveterate smoker of the quartet, cannot have been less than sixty years old. I timed the men under 
the worst conditions; a road mostly uphill, driving sleet --- half a gale --- dead ahead, streaming 
slippery cobbles, and they did eight miles without a rest in two hours dead. If those men were 
"physical wrecks from abuse of opium", I should like to see the animal in his undamaged state! 
There are of course men who have injured their health by opium; and one can see such on the 
coast, where the affair is complicated with alcohol and European vices. But on the whole, the 
search for an opium fiend in China is on all fours with the search for the man with tobacco 
amblyopia in England. Consular reports and independent medical opinion are unanimous that opium 
smoking does little or no harm to the Chinese. Dr. Thomas Stevenson, in his special article in Quain's 
Dictionary of Medicine, sits on the fence as follows: "Great differences of opinion exist as to the 
pernicious or other effects of opium smoking. Some would have us believe that the practice is 
pernicious, not to say deadly; but debasing it often is. The pictures drawn as to its effects are 
evidently coloured by the bias of the observer. On the other hand some would persuade us that the 
practice is harmless, not to say beneficial. Doubtless neither view is absolutely correct, and whilst 
opium smoking is pernicious, the evils have been greatly exaggerated." These remarks strike me on 
the whole as fair. 
I have myself made extensive and elaborate studies of the effects of indulgence in stimulants and 
narcotics. (See my The Psychology of Hashish, Cocaine, The Green Goddess, The Diary of a Drug