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cliffs. The most striking impression of the entire journey is the variety of the physical geography. It 
is as if nature had conspired to afford one the maximum of new sensations. Nowhere else in the 
world have I observed such apparent discontinuity, such wealth of unexpected phenomena tumbling 
over each other to claim astonishment and admiration. 
There are no dak baghlas in these remote districts; so we were living in our tents. We dined in the 
open air under the apricots, while by our side one of the local elders exuded over five litres of 
serum. He had been carried down by his adherents in the last stages of dropsy; but after 
contributing his quota to the volume of the Bralduh, he walked cheerfully to his house without 
assistance, as he had not done for many months. 
Goitre is very common in this valley and I hoped to learn something about its etiology. As in the 
case of cancer, many attempt have been made to generalize from insufficient facts. One of the 
great arguments about goitre involves the Lötschenthal, where the people at the bottom of the 
valley could marry strangers from the Rhone valley, and those at the top go over 
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the Petersgrat and do their courting in Lauterbrunnen. Those in the middle were more inbred. It 
was accordingly observed that that goitre was more common among them. The Bralduh Nala 
completely upset any such theory, for while there was the same narrowness and isolation, the same 
limestone water and similar conditions all along, the goitre varies from village to village in an 
absolutely irregular way. 
The whole nala is full of interest. It is a regular showplace for the weirdest phenomena. About an 
hour and a half above Ghomboro is a tributary nala, with only a trickle of water but swept by 
intermittent flushes of mud. Its crossing presented a certain problem. I had to post a man to give 
warning when a torrent was on the way. I myself went down into the bed of the torrent, which was 
very steep and slimy, and hacked good steps for the coolies. If one had slipped, or been caught by a 
gush of mud, there would have been no saving him. It took about an hour and a half for the caravan 
to cross. Half an hour later, we came to a second obstacle of this sort, but it was very different in 
character. It was a level expanse of mud, very broad. The torrent had caked to a reasonable 
consistency under the banks, but there was a central section forty to fifty yards wide of very lively-
moving stuff. The tehsildar of Skardu had sent up a gang of men to throw great stones into the 
stream for several days, for the mud moves very slowly. By this means, they had managed to make a 
sort of temporary bridge, the most quickly moving part of the stream in the centre being negotiated 
by the laying of a plank between stones. Our own men, of course, supplemented the efforts of their 
colleagues, each man bringing a stone as large as he could carry and dropping it into the most 
suitable place he could see. Having helped the men over the first torrent, I had automatically 
become rearguarded, and the bulk of the men had gone gaily over the second and more formidable 
obstacle when I arrived. They had got it into excellent condition and I strolled over as if it had been 
stepping stones across the Wharfe or the Lynn, and I was going to meet my girl! 
The next entertainment is a rope bridge. The "ropes" in question are composed of twigs. There are 
three main ropes, one to walk on and two to hold. The relations between the three are secured by a 
trellis of smaller twigs. They are a little terrifying at first sight, it is only fair to admit; but one 
cannot help thinking that Sir Martin Conway was almost too considerate of the nervousness of others 
when he insisted on roping Zurbriggen on one side of him an Bruce on the other before pirouetting 
lightly across. 
The day following, another rope bridge brought us back to the right bank of the Bralduh, where 
another phenomenon of astonishing beauty lay in wait. The extremely narrow gorge through which 
the Bralduh rushes for so many miles had suddenly broadened out. We were in a wide smiling valley 
ringed with mountains which, gigantic as they were, seemed to confess by 
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